Tense Summary Table: Fast Reference with Rules & Examples
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Complete Tense Table (All 12 Tenses with Structure, Verb Rule, Usage, Examples)
| Tense | Sub-types of Tense | Structure | Verb Rule | Usage (English) | Usage (Nepali) | Example Sentence | Nepali Meaning |
| Present Tenses | Simple Present | Subject + V1/V5 + Object | V1 with I/You/We/They, V5 (s/es) with He/She/It | To show daily routine, habits, universal truth | दैनिक बानी, सधैं हुने काम वा सत्य देखाउन | He eats rice. | ऊ भात खान्छ। |
| Present Continuous | Subject + is/am/are + V1+ing + Object | Use -ing form of verb | Action happening now or around now | अहिले भइरहेको काम जनाउन | They are playing. | उनीहरू खेलिरहेका छन्। | |
| Present Perfect | Subject + has/have + V3 + Object | Has with He/She/It, Have with others | Action completed recently with relevance to present | भर्खरै सकिएको वा अहिले सँग सम्बन्ध भएको काम | I have finished work. | मैले काम सकिसकेको छु। | |
| Present Perfect Continuous | Subject + has/have been + V1+ing + Object | Use -ing form | Action started in past and still continuing | केही समयदेखि चलिरहेको काम | She has been reading for an hour. | उनी एक घण्टादेखि पढिरहेकी छिन्। | |
| Past Tense | Simple Past | Subject + V2 + Object | V2 (past form) used for all subjects | Completed action in the past | भूतकालमा सकिएको काम | I watched a movie. | मैले चलचित्र हेरे। |
| Past Continuous | Subject + was/were + V1+ing + Object | Use -ing form | Action ongoing at a specific time in the past | विगतको कुनै समयमा भइरहेको काम | He was studying. | ऊ पढिरहेको थियो। | |
| Past Perfect | Subject + had + V3 + Object | Use V3 with all subjects | Action completed before another past action | अर्को भूतकार्य भन्दा पहिले भएको काम | They had left before we came. | हामी आउनु अघि उनीहरू निस्किसकेका थिए। | |
| Past Perfect Continuous | Subject + had been + V1+ing + Object | Use -ing form | Action continuing before a point in the past | भूतको कुनै समयसम्म चलिरहेको काम | He had been working since morning. | ऊ बिहानदेखि काम गरिरहेको थियो। | |
| Future Tense | Simple Future | Subject + will/shall + V1 + Object | Use V1 for all subjects | Action that will happen in the future | भविष्यमा हुने काम | We will go to school. | हामी स्कूल जानेछौं। |
| Future Continuous | Subject + will be + V1+ing + Object | Use -ing form | Ongoing action at a future time | भविष्यको समयमा भइरहेको काम | She will be cooking. | उनी पकाइरहेकी हुनेछिन्। | |
| Future Perfect | Subject + will have + V3 + Object | Use V3 for all subjects | Action that will be completed before a future point | भविष्यको निश्चित समय अघि सकिने काम | I will have finished homework. | म गृहकार्य सकाइसकेको हुनेछु। | |
| Future Perfect Continuous | Subject + will have been + V1+ing + Object | Use -ing form | Ongoing action continuing to a future point | भविष्यको कुनै समयसम्म चलिरहेको काम | They will have been living here for 5 years. | उनीहरू ५ वर्षदेखि यहाँ बसिरहेका हुनेछन्। |