Perfect Tenses (पूर्ण काल)

Perfect Tenses(पूर्णकाल)

Perfect Tense is used to show that an action has been completed at a certain point in time—either in the present, past, or future. It connects the result of a past action with the present or another time.

Perfect Tense भन्नाले कुनै काम पूरा भइसकेको छ भन्ने कुरा देखाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ — चाहे त्यो काम वर्तमान, भूतकाल वा भविष्यमा किन नहोस्। यो कालले पूरा भएको कामको नतिजा अर्को समयसँग जोडेर देखाउँछ।

Present Perfect Tense (वर्तमान पूर्ण काल)

Present Perfect Tense is used to talk about actions that have just happened or have been completed in the recent past with relevance to the present.
वर्तमान परिपूर्ण काल प्रयोग हुन्छ कुनै काम अहिले सम्म भइसकेको छ भन्ने जनाउन।

Structure:

Subject + has/have + V³ (Past Participle) + Object

Sub + has/have + क्रियाको तेस्रो रूप + वस्तु

Subject	Helping Verb
I / We / You / They	Have
He / She / It	Has

Affirmative Sentences (सकारात्मक वाक्यहरू)

Structure: Subject + has/have + V³ (Past Participle) + Object

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I have eaten rice.	मैले भात खाइसकेको छु।
She has gone to school.	उनी स्कूल गइसकेकी छिन्।
They have played football.	उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलिसकेका छन्।
He has finished his homework.	उसले गृहकार्य सकाइसकेको छ।
We have watched the movie.	हामीले चलचित्र हेरेका छौं।
You have visited Kathmandu.	तिमीले काठमाडौं घुमिसकेका छौ।
He has called me.	उसले मलाई फोन गरिसकेको छ।
I have met her.	मैले उनलाई भेटिसकेको छु।
She has cleaned the room.	उनले कोठा सफा गरिसकेकी छिन्।
They have read the book.	उनीहरूले किताब पढिसकेका छन्।

Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य)

Structure: Subject + has/have + not + V³ + Object

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I have not eaten rice.	मैले भात खाएको छैन।
She has not gone to school.	उनी स्कूल गएकी छैनन्।
They have not played football.	उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलेका छैनन्।
He has not finished the work.	उसले काम सकाएको छैन।
We have not watched the movie.	हामीले चलचित्र हेरेका छैनौं।
You have not visited Pokhara.	तिमीले पोखरा घुमेका छैनौ।
He has not called me.	उसले मलाई फोन गरेको छैन।
I have not met him.	मैले उसलाई भेटेको छैन।
She has not cleaned the room.	उनले कोठा सफा गरेकी छैनन्।
They have not read the book.	उनीहरूले किताब पढेका छैनन्।

 Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य)

Structure: Has/Have + Subject + V³ + Object?

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
Have I eaten rice?	के मैले भात खाइसकेको छु?
Has she gone to school?	के उनी स्कूल गएकी छिन्?
Have they played football?	के उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलिसकेका छन्?
Has he finished his work?	के उसले काम सकाएको छ?
Have we watched the movie?	के हामीले चलचित्र हेरेका छौं?
Have you visited Bhaktapur?	के तिमीले भक्तपुर घुमेका छौ?
Has he called you?	के उसले तिमीलाई फोन गरिसकेको छ?
Have I met her before?	के मैले उनलाई पहिले भेटेको छु?
Has she cleaned the kitchen?	के उनले भान्सा सफा गरेकी छिन्?
Have they read the story?	के उनीहरूले कथा पढेका छन्?

Past Perfect Tense (भूत पूर्ण काल)

Past Perfect is used to show that one action was completed before another past action.
भूत परिपूर्ण काल प्रयोग हुन्छ जब एउटा काम अर्को भूतकालको घटनाभन्दा अगाडि सकिएको हुन्छ।

Structure:

Subject + had + V³ + Object
Subject + had + क्रियाको तेस्रो रूप + वस्तु

Affirmative Sentences

Structure: Subject + had + V³ (Past Participle) + Object

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I had eaten rice.	मैले भात खाएको थिएँ।
She had gone to school.	उनी स्कूल गएकी थिइन्।
They had played football.	उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलेका थिए।
He had finished the work.	उसले काम सकाएको थियो।
We had watched the movie.	हामीले चलचित्र हेरेका थियौं।
You had visited the zoo.	तिमीले चिडियाखाना घुमेका थियौ।
I had lost my phone.	मैले मेरो फोन हराएको थिएँ।
He had written a letter.	उसले चिठी लेखेको थियो।
She had cleaned her room.	उनले आफ्नो कोठा सफा गरेकी थिइन्।
They had studied for the test.	उनीहरूले परीक्षाको तयारी गरेका थिए।

Negative Sentences

Structure: Subject + had not + V³ + Object

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I had not eaten rice.	मैले भात खाएको थिइनँ।
She had not gone to school.	उनी स्कूल गएकी थिइनन्।
They had not played football.	उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलेका थिएनन्।
He had not finished the task.	उसले काम सकाएको थिएन।
We had not watched the movie.	हामीले चलचित्र हेरेका थिएनौं।
You had not visited the temple.	तिमीले मन्दिर घुमेका थिएनौ।
I had not lost my key.	मैले चाबी हराएको थिइनँ।
He had not written the report.	उसले प्रतिवेदन लेखेको थिएन।
She had not cleaned the kitchen.	उनले भान्सा सफा गरेकी थिइनन्।
They had not studied for the exam.	उनीहरूले परीक्षा तयारी गरेका थिएनन्।

Interrogative Sentences

Structure: Had + Subject + V³ + Object?

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
Had I eaten rice?	के मैले भात खाएको थिएँ?
Had she gone to school?	के उनी स्कूल गएकी थिइन्?
Had they played football?	के उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलेका थिए?
Had he finished the task?	के उसले काम सकाएको थियो?
Had we watched the movie?	के हामीले चलचित्र हेरेका थियौं?
Had you visited the museum?	के तिमीले संग्रहालय घुमेका थियौ?
Had I lost my phone?	के मैले मेरो फोन हराएको थिएँ?
Had he written the letter?	के उसले चिठी लेखेको थियो?
Had she cleaned her room?	के उनले कोठा सफा गरेकी थिइन्?
Had they studied for the test?	के उनीहरूले तयारी गरेका थिए?

Future Perfect Tense (भविष्यत पूर्ण काल)

Future Perfect is used for actions that will be completed before a certain future time or action.
भविष्यत परिपूर्ण काल प्रयोग हुन्छ जब भविष्यमा कुनै निश्चित समयअगाडि कार्य समाप्त हुनेछ।

Structure:

Subject + will have + V³ + Object
Subject + will have + क्रियाको तेस्रो रूप + वस्तु

Affirmative Sentences

Structure: Subject + will have + V³ + Object

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I will have eaten rice.	म भात खाइसकेको हुनेछु।
She will have gone to school.	उनी स्कूल गइसकेकी हुनेछिन्।
They will have played football.	उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलिसकेका हुनेछन्।
He will have finished the work.	उसले काम सकाइसकेको हुनेछ।
We will have watched the movie.	हामीले चलचित्र हेरेका हुनेछौं।
You will have visited the temple.	तिमीले मन्दिर घुमेका हुनेछौ।
I will have written the letter.	म चिठी लेखिसकेको हुनेछु।
He will have called his friend.	उसले साथीलाई फोन गरिसकेको हुनेछ।
She will have cleaned the kitchen.	उनले भान्सा सफा गरिसकेकी हुनेछिन्।
They will have studied the lesson.	उनीहरूले पाठ पढिसकेका हुनेछन्।

Negative Sentences

Structure: Subject + will not have + V³ + Object

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I will not have eaten rice.	म भात खाइसकेको हुनेछैन।
She will not have gone to school.	उनी स्कूल गएकी हुनेछिनन्।
They will not have played football.	उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलिसकेका हुने छैनन्।
He will not have finished the task.	उसले काम सकाइसकेको हुनेछैन।
We will not have watched the movie.	हामीले चलचित्र हेरेका हुने छैनौं।
You will not have visited the zoo.	तिमीले चिडियाखाना घुमेका हुने छैनौ।
I will not have written the letter.	मैले चिठी लेखिसकेको हुनेछैन।
He will not have called you.	उसले तिमीलाई फोन गरिसकेको हुनेछैन।
She will not have cleaned the room.	उनले कोठा सफा गरेकी हुने छैनन्।
They will not have studied the chapter.	उनीहरूले अध्याय पढेका हुने छैनन्।

Interrogative Sentences

Structure: Will + Subject + have + V³ + Object?

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
Will I have eaten rice?	के म भात खाइसकेको हुनेछु?
Will she have gone to school?	के उनी स्कूल गएकी हुनेछिन्?
Will they have played football?	के उनीहरूले फुटबल खेलिसकेका हुनेछन्?
Will he have finished the task?	के उसले काम सकाइसकेको हुनेछ?
Will we have watched the movie?	के हामीले चलचित्र हेरेका हुनेछौं?
Will you have visited the museum?	के तिमीले संग्रहालय घुमेका हुनेछौ?
Will I have written the report?	के मैले प्रतिवेदन लेखिसकेको हुनेछु?
Will he have called his father?	के उसले बाबुलाई फोन गरिसकेको हुनेछ?
Will she have cleaned the table?	के उनले टेबल सफा गरेकी हुनेछिन्?
Will they have studied for the exam?	के उनीहरूले परीक्षा तयारी गरेका हुनेछन्?