Perfect Continuous Tense (पूर्ण अपूर्णकाल)

Perfect Continuous Tense (पूर्ण अपूर्णकाल)

Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an action that started in the past, continued for a certain duration, and is either still ongoing or has recently stopped at a particular point in time.

Perfect Continuous Tense focuses on two main things:

1. Duration or Time – How long the action has been happening (using since or for)
2. Continuity – The action started before and is still happening or just finished

पूर्ण अपूर्णकाल त्यस्तो काल हो जुन कुनै काम पहिलेदेखि सुरू भइसकेको थियो, केही समयसम्म लगातार चलिरहेको थियो र अहिले पनि जारी हुन सक्छ वा रोकिएको हुन्छ।

Perfect Continuous Tense दुईवटा मुख्य कुरामा ध्यान दिन्छ:

1. समय अवधि – कति समयदेखि काम भइरहेको छ (since/for को प्रयोग)
2. कामको निरन्तरता – काम सुरु भइसकेको छ र अझै भइरहेको छ वा भर्खरै सकिएको हो

Present Perfect Continuous Tense (वर्तमान पूर्ण अपूर्णकाल)

Present Perfect Continuous Tense is used to show that an action began in the past and is still continuing in the present. It focuses on the duration of the action up to the present time and is often used with time expressions like “for” (for a duration) or “since” (from a specific point).
वर्तमान पूर्ण अपूर्णकाल यस्तो कार्य जनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ जुन अघिल्लो समयदेखि सुरु भइ अहिले पनि चलिरहेको छ।
यो कार्य कति समयदेखि चलिरहेको छ भन्ने कुरा देखाउन प्रयोग हुन्छ। “Since” वा “For” जस्ता समय जनाउने शब्दहरूसँग प्रयोग हुन्छ।

Structure:

Subject + has/have + been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)
Sub + has/have + been + क्रियाको -ing रूप + वस्तु + (since/for समय)

Helping Verb Chart:

Subject	Helping Verb
I / We / You / They	have been
He / She / It	has been

Affirmative Sentences (सकारात्मक वाक्यहरू)

Structure: Subject + has/have + been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I have been eating rice since morning.	म बिहानदेखि भात खाइरहेको छु।
She has been reading for two hours.	उनी दुई घण्टादेखि पढिरहेकी छिन्।
They have been playing football since 4 PM.	उनीहरू बेलुका ४ बजेदेखि फुटबल खेलिरहेका छन्।
He has been studying since morning.	ऊ बिहानदेखि पढ्दै छ।
We have been working for five hours.	हामी पाँच घण्टादेखि काम गरिरहेका छौं।
You have been learning English for three months.	तिमी तीन महिनादेखि अङ्ग्रेजी सिकिरहेका छौ।
He has been sleeping since 9 PM.	ऊ बेलुका ९ बजेदेखि सुतिरहेको छ।
I have been teaching since 2020.	म सन् २०२० देखि पढाइरहेको छु।

Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्यहरू)

Structure: Subject + has/have + not + been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I have not been eating rice since morning.	म बिहानदेखि भात खाइरहेको छैन।
She has not been reading for two hours.	उनी दुई घण्टादेखि पढिरहेकी छैनन्।
They have not been playing football since 4 PM.	उनीहरू ४ बजेदेखि फुटबल खेलिरहेका छैनन्।
He has not been studying today.	ऊ आज पढिरहेको छैन।
We have not been working since morning.	हामी बिहानदेखि काम गरिरहेका छैनौं।
You have not been attending class regularly.	तिमी नियमित कक्षा लिइरहेका छैनौ।
He has not been helping me.	ऊ मलाई सहयोग गरिरहेको छैन।

Interrogative Sentences (प्रश्नवाचक वाक्यहरू)

Structure:Has/Have + Subject + been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)?

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
Have I been eating rice since morning?	के म बिहानदेखि भात खाइरहेको छु?
Has she been reading for two hours?	के उनी दुई घण्टादेखि पढिरहेकी छिन्?
Have they been playing football since 4 PM?	के उनीहरूले ४ बजेदेखि फुटबल खेलिरहेका छन्?
Has he been studying since morning?	के ऊ बिहानदेखि पढ्दै छ?
Have we been working for five hours?	के हामी पाँच घण्टादेखि काम गरिरहेका छौं?
Have you been learning English for three months?	के तिमी तीन महिनादेखि अङ्ग्रेजी सिकिरहेका छौ?
Has he been helping you?	के ऊ तिमीलाई सहयोग गरिरहेको छ?

Past Perfect Continuous Tense (भूत पूर्ण अपूर्णकाल)

This tense is used to describe an action that started in the past, continued for some time, and was still ongoing before another action/event in the past. It emphasizes the duration before a past moment or incident.
भूत पूर्ण अपूर्णकाल त्यस्तो कार्य जनाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ जुन भूतकालमा सुरु भइ एक समयसम्म लगातार चलिरहेको थियो र अर्को भूतकालीन घटनाको अगाडि रोकिएको हुन्छ। यो कार्य कति समयसम्म चलिरहेको थियो भन्ने कुरा देखाउँछ।

Structure:

Subject + had + been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)
Sub + had + been + क्रियाको -ing रूप + वस्तु + (since/for समय)

Affirmative Sentences

Structure: Subject + had + been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I had been eating rice before you came.	तिमी आइपुग्नु अघि म भात खाइरहेको थिएँ।
She had been studying since morning.	उनी बिहानदेखि पढिरहेकी थिइन्।
They had been playing football for one hour.	उनीहरूले एक घण्टादेखि फुटबल खेलिरहेका थिए।
He had been waiting for the bus.	ऊ बसको लागि पर्खिरहेको थियो।
We had been working on that file.	हामी त्यो फाइलमा काम गरिरहेका थियौं।
You had been writing your report.	तिमी तिम्रो रिपोर्ट लेख्दै थियौ।

Negative Sentences

Structure: Subject + had + not + been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I had not been eating rice before you came.	तिमी आउँदा म भात खाइरहेको थिइनँ।
She had not been studying since morning.	उनी बिहानदेखि पढिरहेकी थिइनन्।
They had not been playing football.	उनीहरू फुटबल खेलिरहेका थिएनन्।
He had not been sleeping.	ऊ सुतिरहेको थिएन।
We had not been watching the movie.	हामी चलचित्र हेर्दै थिएनौं।

Interrogative Sentences

Structure: Had + Subject + been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)?

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
Had I been eating rice before you came?	के म तिमी आउँदा भात खाइरहेको थिएँ?
Had she been reading all day?	के उनी सारा दिन पढिरहेकी थिइन्?
Had they been working since 9 AM?	के उनीहरू बिहान ९ बजेदेखि काम गरिरहेका थिए?
Had he been writing a letter?	के ऊ चिठी लेखिरहेको थियो?
Had we been using that app?	के हामी त्यो एप प्रयोग गरिरहेका थियौं?

Future Perfect Continuous Tense (भविष्यत पूर्ण अपूर्णकाल)

This tense is used to express actions that will have been going on for a certain period of time at a specific point in the future. It is often used to talk about how long something will have been happening by a future time.
भविष्यत पूर्ण अपूर्णकाल प्रयोग हुन्छ भविष्यको कुनै निश्चित समयमा कुनै कार्य कति समयदेखि चलिरहेको हुनेछ भन्ने जनाउन। यो पनि “since” र “for” सँग प्रयोग हुन्छ र भविष्यको कार्यको समयको अवधिमा जोड दिन्छ।

Structure:

Subject + will have been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)
Sub + will have been + क्रियाको -ing रूप + वस्तु + (since/for समय)

Affirmative Sentences

Structure: Subject + will have been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I will have been eating rice for 30 minutes.	म ३० मिनेटदेखि भात खाइरहेको हुनेछु।
She will have been reading since morning.	उनी बिहानदेखि पढिरहेकी हुनेछिन्।
They will have been playing football since 3 PM.	उनीहरू ३ बजेदेखि फुटबल खेलिरहेका हुनेछन्।
He will have been working for 5 hours.	ऊ पाँच घण्टादेखि काम गरिरहेको हुनेछ।
We will have been studying all night.	हामी रातभरि पढिरहेका हुनेछौं।

Negative Sentences

Structure: Subject + will not have been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
I will not have been eating rice.	म भात खाइरहेको हुनेछैन।
She will not have been reading all day.	उनी सारा दिन पढिरहेकी हुनेछिनन्।
They will not have been working since morning.	उनीहरू बिहानदेखि काम गरिरहेका हुने छैनन्।
He will not have been watching TV.	ऊ टिभी हेर्दै रहेको हुने छैन।

Interrogative Sentences

Structure: Will + Subject + have been + V¹ + ing + Object + (since/for time)?

English Sentence	नेपाली अनुवाद
Will I have been eating rice for 30 minutes?	के म ३० मिनेटदेखि भात खाइरहेको हुनेछु?
Will she have been reading since morning?	के उनी बिहानदेखि पढिरहेकी हुनेछिन्?
Will they have been playing football since 3 PM?	के उनीहरू ३ बजेदेखि फुटबल खेलिरहेका हुनेछन्?
Will we have been studying all day?	के हामी सारा दिन पढिरहेका हुनेछौं?
Will he have been driving since morning?	के ऊ बिहानदेखि गाडी चलाइरहेको हुनेछ?